Se trata
de un curso en linea de 4 semanas enseñado en idioma inglés, con varios vídeos semanales, quices y exámenes parciales. Solo necesita algo de matemática, física y unas 10 horas semanales de su tiempo. Parece muy interesante y de un nivel para universitario. Inicia hoy, se lo recomiendo. Podemos tomarlo juntos y así podremos estudiar y
apoyarnos.
I made this illustrated PDF
from the first video lecture of the course (Coursera) From the Big Bang to
Dark Energy by Hitoshi Murayama,
from The University of Tokyo, in
which I am enrolled now. Anyone can do it from the provided Subtitles (srt),
just eliminating the video codes and adding the images from the PDFGraphics. It is a nice working tool; I used it in Volcanic
Eruptions: a material science, with good results. The course starts today,
but still there is time to enroll during this week.
Remember that blogger (and word) may translate this text to many languages.
Week 1: From daily life to the Big Bang
Introduction:
Course Outline (08:37)
Hi, I'm Hitoshi
Murayama.I work at the University of California, Berkeley as well as at the University
of Tokyo. And I'm, I'm giving four lectures about the recent status of our understanding
about the universe. So, the title of my lectures is From the Big Bang to Dark
Energy. And the Big Bang, as everybody knows, is the beginning of the universe.
So, in most of my lectures I will be talking about how we understand how the universe
began. Starting from where things start today and gradually move back in time
and try to, reach as much as possible at the very beginning of the universe.
But towards the very end of my lectures, I'm going to talk about the future of
the universe that has to do with this other part of the title called dark
energy. So, in in our understanding of the universe has made a huge progress in
the last 15 years or so. And what we used to think we knew about the universe
is now totally wrong and outdated. A sort of undergoing a big revolution right
now. So, what I would like to communicate to you in this lecture is, is what we
have learned in the last, you know, 20, 15 years. And, and what we think we
know about the Beginning of the universe as was the future of the universe. And
we try to put that together in, in a bigger context. So, I organized this
content in four lectures, as I said already. And it will be extremely helpful
if you know some calculus but I also organized the content in such a way that
if you want to skip some of the equations, you can do so. And still you can
probably get some conceptual understanding of what's going on there. But if you
do know Calculus, then you can follow some of the equations and get a deeper understanding
that way. And the homework will also be organized in a way that you have some
conceptual problems, which you can understand without the need of Calculus. And
some other more advanced problems where you really need to do some math and,
and algebra to work things out. So, hopefully this kind of combination would
reach you in, in a, to a much, much wider audience that way. So, many of you
who may not have that kind of background you can still get something out of my
lectures, hopefully. And if you do, you can get a lot more that way. Okay? So, that's
the way we'd like to get started. As I said, From the Big Bang to Dark Energy,
the kind of questions we would like to ask in these lectures are really, sort
of, questions you might have had when you were a little child. So, if you go
to, let's say vacation and camping, you watch up the star in the starry sky in
the evenings and, of course, one of the sense we always get is kind of awe. We
always feel that the universe is so beautiful, stars are so beautiful, and we’d
like to at least understand what's going on there. And you tend to get into
really philosophical thoughts just by looking at the stars. And this is kind of
questions you might have asked when you were little. How does the universe
began? So, this is such a big universe out there? But, you know, we hear that
this was actually the beginning, that's the big bang. So, what exactly was the
big bang?
How did the universe begin? And the next question might be what is its fate? So, we live in this universe and, of course, for natural
reasons we would like to understand where we're heading to. And that is about
the fate of the universe. And that has to do with this last part of my lectures
called dark energy.
What is it made of? And for
us to understand how the universe works, of course, we need to understand what
the universe is made of. And as we'll tell you as we go along, we used to think
that the entire universe was made of kind of atoms, we are made of as well. But
that actually didn't turn out to be the right understanding and you will see
that, atoms make up only less than 5% of the entire universe. And the rest is
actually unknown. So, we will talk about these things as well.
And what are its fundamental
laws? And of course, for us to
understand how universe works, we need to understand its basic laws. So, there
are laws of physics that tell you how things fall, how things move and so and
so forth. And there are also laws that would govern the evolution of the
universe as well. So, we will talk about some of these things. Finally, of
course, we are very curious about where do we come from?. And, and in order to
understand where we come from, of course, the part of the question may be biological
or evolution but a part of the question also has to do with what are we made of
and where did our ingredients come from? Where did the chemical elements come
from and why do we have matter in the universe? I will also mention that
anti-matter, which could have been the anti-verse, is actually not there so
that's the kind of question we would like to understand as well. And all of
these questions, as you see on this list, used to be in the realm of, say,
theology or philosophy. But now we can address some of these really big questions,
fundamental questions in the realm of science. And that's the kind of progress
we are making these days and that's extremely exciting. So, I'd like to tell
you what these excitements are as we go along. So, as I told you already I
organize my lectures in four lectures.
So, the first one
today is from
daily life to the Big Bang. And when you think about the universe
you might have this impression that well, It’s far out there, it has nothing to
do with me, but that's not true at all. What we experience in daily life
actually has a lot to do with what's going on in the universe. And that eventually
leads all the way back to the big bang. So, that's the first lecture I am going
to present today.
In, in the second
lecture we'll talk about the birth of elements and something you haven't heard about recently the Higgs boson.
So, if you think about where we come from, we're made of chemical elements. And
unless there are chemical elements out there in our universe we couldn't have
been possibly be born. So, where do they come from? That actually turns out to
be a real scientific question we can ask today. And I can tell you about our
recent understanding about this. And it does have to do with this newly discovered
Higgs boson that was discovered in July fourth 2012. And without this Higgs
Boson we could not exist. So, that's the connection I would like to make in my
second lecture.
In the third
lecture, we get into more mysterious side of the Universe. The first one is
called dark matter
and this dark matter is actually a bulk of matter in a Universe. But we still
don't know what it is. At the same time, though, we know the dark matter had
played a very important role in forming the universe as we see today. And without
it again, we could not have existed in this universe. So, we'd like to talk
about what it may be and what we're looking for so that we may gain some
understanding on the nature of dark matter as we continue our research program.
And the second half of the lecture will be antimatter. And antimatter may sound like
something that might show up in a science fiction movies. But they do exist, we
can even make them. So, they actually must have been born at the very beginning
of the universe in the Big Bang. But fortunately antimatter doesn't seem to
exist today. And that's actually very important as well. So, where did it go? So,
that's another very fundamental question about where we came from, how we come to
exist and so absence of antimatter is a very important question, it turns out.
In the final
lecture, the lecture number four, we talk about inflation and dark energy. So,
if we really want to go back to very, very beginning of the universe, we think
it's still hypothesis. But there's a very good evidence for it. We think there
was a period called cosmic inflation that made the universe that was born at a
much, much smaller size than an atom to a macroscopic size we see today. That's
a tremendous expansion of the universe and that idea has been borne out with
the latest data. So, we will talk about that and that was what happened at the
very beginning of the universe. But it so happens that universe seems to have started yet another
stage of inflation very recently. And that that has to do with this last subject
called dark energy. And depending on the nature of dark energy, the universe
may have an end. Or it may continue expanding forever. We don't know which one
is the right Future yet, but Dark energy is definitely the key to that
question. So, we'd like to talk about this very beginning of the universe as
well as what might be waiting for us in the future that has to do with the
nature of Dark energy. So, that will be my fourth lecture. So, that's the way I
organize my lectures for this course.
Referencias:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGHqg9HuxkE
